One important limitation of the current renditions of interpretivism is that its emphasis on the moral dimension of sport has overlooked the aesthetic dimension lying at the core of this account of sport. The interpretivist’s failure to acknowledge and consider the aesthetic implicitly distances this realm from the moral. Marcia Muelder Eaton calls this distancing the separatist mistake. This paper argues that interpretivism presupposes not only moral but also aesthetic principles and values. What it sets out to demonstrate is that (...) interpretivism is an integralist, or nonseparatist, account of sport, one in which ethical and aesthetic values are not exclusive. Making explicit and specifying interpretivism’s combined moral-aesthetic approach to sport not only helps to better distinguish the whole range of values that make up sport as well as their interconnection but also encourages sportspeople to pursue more coherent sport and, thus, more enriching lives. (shrink)

The research fieldwork dedicated to trend analysis and foresight/forecast scenarios building, represents an unusual raid in an area where economic and social sciences have invested many efforts. Nevertheless, the semiotic dimension of this subject is not sufficiently thorough; many issues are at stake:We are going to investigate this area of analysis, for its relevance in post-Greimassian studies, for its interface with social sciences, as well as for its relevance for the legitimacy of semiotics in contemporary discussions of innovation and evolution.

The hypothesis that this paper seeks to propose is that, despite all the difficulties for its conceptualization, Bataille postulates that the community is, after all, possible. To do this, we will seek to study the place of the community in Bataille's thought, a place that is not precisely identifiable at all, but rather is scattered throughout his work at different points. Thus, we will try, in the first instance, to analyze how a lost community appears in the French philosopher, in (...) order to, in a second place, investigate what was the - misguided - fascist response to that fact, and, finally, outline how it could erect a proactive model of community according to Bataille. (shrink)

Este trabajo busca contraponer a Lukács y Benjamin para echar luz sobre el vínculo que media entre ellos. Para ello buscamos proceder en tres ejes: describir cómo estos autores entienden el presente, tan ominoso como candente, en el que se ubican y la forma en que esta situación determina la concepción de la historia; luego, especificar la manera en que la crítica a la perniciosa situación actual debe ser planteada; y, finalmente, la conceptualización que cada uno realiza sobre el sujeto (...) de la historia y las formas de su constitución o de su aparición implicada por la forma determinada de su relación con el tiempo histórico. A través de estos puntos creemos que se podría verificar la tan tentativa como incipiente tesis del trabajo: que las acepciones de la crítica que Lukács y Benjamin manejan son disruptivas la una respecto de la otra. (shrink)

El presente trabajo busca realizar una comparación entre las teorías del lenguaje de dos filósofos racionalistas, uno moderno y otro contemporáneo, Habermas y Spinoza respectivamente. Así, se intenta enfatizar que, lejos de ubicarse en ambos extremos de un abismo irreconciliable, ambos pensadores se hallarían en una posición sumamente propincua. De esta manera, el artículo procederá a elucidar las posiciones de Habermas y Spinoza respecto de la intencionalidad, el lenguaje y la democracia.

It is common in contemporary sport to liken the notion of the team to that of the family. That is, the family is used to evoke team life. Portraying the team as a family usually implies a positive evaluation. Despite its prevalence, the team as a family equation has not been analyzed in the sport philosophy literature. Thus, the purpose of this article is twofold. First, it explores whether the team is to be equated with the family. To discuss the (...) nature of the family and the team, I draw together the work of several sport philosophers with that of Laura Wildemann Kane. Second, and considering what characterizes the team, this article investigates whether teammates have special responsibilities to one another by virtue of their relationship and the value attached to it. I propose that the team as a family equation does not align with the constitution of these two social groups and that teammates have special responsibilities to one another, but such responsibilities are different from those observed in the family. (shrink)

Nuestro interés en el presente trabajo es, efectivamente, enfocarnos en la temática de las corporaciones, pero centrándonos en dos autores en particular: Thomas Hobbes y Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Como se verá, mientras que Hobbes referirá a las corporaciones como empresas, Hegel las aludirá como asociaciones (encargadas de anexar la sociedad civil con el Estado). Es a estos fines que estructuraremos el presente trabajo en tres tiempos. En primer lugar, explicaremos cómo las corporaciones surgen de acuerdo a las teorías de (...) ambos autores. Luego elucidaremos la forma en que las mismas funcionan y se encuentran conformadas. Finalmente, en tercera instancia dilucidaremos la relación que las corporaciones mantienen con el Estado tanto en Hobbes como en Hegel. (shrink)

Nos anos 1970s, Hilary Putnam defendeu a tese que designadores de espécies naturais, como “água”, “tigre” e “ouro”, são termos indexicais que mudam de significado a cada contexto. No entanto, Tyler Burge rejeitou essa tese, e Putnam veio a adotar a posição de Burge. A rejeição de Burge está apoiada na distinção entre crenças de dicto e crenças de re. Nesse artigo veremos os pontos de contato entre as posições de Putnam e Burge, a posição de Putnam nos anos 1970s, (...) os principais argumentos de Burge contra a tese da indexicalidade dos designadores de espécies naturais e a diferença entre crenças de dicto e crenças de re. (shrink)

The work will be structured in three sections. The first of them analyzes how the different specialists in Spinozian work have studied the Dutch corpus in a dialectical way. This type of interpretation will be emphasized here not only in regard to Spinoza's own ontology, but also to his political philosophy. Secondly, this article investigates the way in which Spinozian ontology can be studied, proposing that, rather than making use of a dialectical method of Hegelian roots, it is rather possible (...) to undertake the study of Spinoza's main philosophical concepts. that are linked to the essence from the notion of sublimation, a notion that, as we will see, is closely related to the monism of Spinoza's philosophy. Finally, the way in which this sublimation procedure can also be applied to the concepts of the Dutchman that specifically refer to the political aspect of his thought is analyzed. (shrink)

El presente artículo rastrea los conceptos de “anacronismo” y “memoria” en una serie de autores. Para dar cuenta de estos, primero hacemos una presentación de dichos conceptos en dos autores cuyas obras en gran medida los han tematizado: Walter Benjamin y Reinhart Koselleck. Esto nos permite situar las coordenadas conceptuales en las que la noción de “anacronismo” debe ser entendida. En segundo lugar, analizamos qué papel juegan el anacronismo y la memoria en Baruch Spinoza. Se procede, pues, a la restitución (...) de la dinámica de la memoria en el autor para poder elucidar cómo aparece el anacronismo, fundamentalmente ateniéndonos a las elucidaciones que Spinoza realiza en el Tratado teológico-político y en la Ética. Finalmente, en tercer lugar, se explica la productividad política que el anacronismo y la memoria comportarían, esto es, la capacidad positiva y virtuosa que estos dos conceptos detentarían en relación con el hacer político. (shrink)

Despite society’s increasing sensitivity toward green production, companies often struggle to find effective communication strategies that induce consumers to buy green products or engage in other environmentally friendly behaviors. To add clarity to this situation, we investigated the effectiveness of negative versus positive message framing in promoting green products, whereby companies highlight the detrimental versus beneficial environmental consequences of choosing less versus more green options, respectively. Across four experiments, we show that negatively framed messages are more effective than positively framed (...) ones in prompting consumers to engage in pro-environmental behaviors. More importantly, we find that anticipated shame is the emotion responsible for this effect. Furthermore, both environmental concern and the type of product promoted serve as moderators; thus, the mediating role of anticipated shame is attenuated when environmental concern is low and the product is a luxury one. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our work, along with its limitations and some directions for future research. (shrink)

This paper examines a possible bond between the political idea of Spinoza and Hegel, focusing on the notion of freedom as a cornerstone. It is structured in the terms of a comparative study according to three dimensions: the critique of freedom understood as free will, the conception of freedom as self-determination, and the inextricable link between freedom and the State. Instead of Pierre Macherey’s proposal, who claims “Hegel or Spinoza”, we affirm “Hegel and Spinoza”.

El presente trabajo busca restituir el movimiento realizado por Louis Althusser a fin de pensar un marxismo en términos no hegelianos. Esta apuesta, que no era solamente teórica sino también política, implicaba un desvío por la figura de Baruch Spinoza con el objeto de rescatar su pensamiento. Así, considerando los estudios de comentaristas especializados sobre el tema, hemos querido dar cuenta de cómo aquellos tópicos eminentemente spinozianos, la epistemología y la totalidad, resultan especialmente proficuos para llevar a cabo la empresa (...) althusseriana propuesta. (shrink)

ABSTRACT In this article we propose to study the way in which the conceptualization of death carried out by Hegel has been read by a series of authors. In this way, in a first section we will restore Heidegger’s interpretation of Hegel to, in a second moment, recover Kojève’s decisive reading of the same author, and end with a replacement of the hermeneutics carried out by Bataille of the German idealist philosopher. Thus, in the conclusion to this article, the existence (...) of repeated and extremely similar motifs present in the three recently named thinkers will be exposed, for whom the figure of Hegel has certainly constituted an unavoidable inheritance. (shrink)

El presente trabajo busca rastrear la figura de Baruch Spinoza en el pensamiento de Judith Butler. Por ello, se analizará, en un primer momento, la tan afamada oposición entre Spinoza y Hegel para, en una segunda instancia, reparar cómo Butler entiende la propia filosofía de Spinoza y, finalmente, ver de qué manera la filósofa logra hermanarla a la de Hegel. A través de estos tres momentos podemos ver cómo es posible pensar, en el decir de Butler, una continuidad complementaria entre (...) Spinoza y Hegel. (shrink)

The distinction between attackers and defenders might help refine the understanding of the role of emotions in conflicts. Here, we briefly discuss differences between attackers and defenders in terms of appraisals, action tendencies, emotional preferences, and brain activities. Finally, we outline how attackers and defenders may differ in their response to emotion-based interventions that aim to promote conflict resolution.

Includes a translator’s preface, note on the text, and suggestions for further reading.

Aristotle normally used historical notations to support his arguments. This is somewhat true for all the works of the corpus, but above all for Politics: the nature, objectives, and methodology of the investigations in this treatise present the strongest links with actual and concrete data, and therefore with historia. Obviously even the Aristotle of Politics is not a historian who wants to report known historiographical traditions; however, regardless of his intentions, there is no doubt that the work in question contains (...) precious ‘fragments’ of history which, in general, confirm or supplement our knowledge. There are, however, cases in which the Aristotelian exempla end up filling in the omissions and gaps of the available sources, such as the cursory reference to the nomos of the Aphytaians, which appears in the section of book 6 dedicated to the so-called agricultural democracy. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em aprofundar a intuição foucaultiana no livro As palavras e as coisas a respeito da máthêsis universalis como ciência geral da ordem e da medida, para tratar da Idade Clássica. Essa caracterização de Michel Foucault lhe permite afastar-se da percepção desta época pela lente do racionalismo, mecanicismo e matematização da natureza. Ao refletir sobre a ordem empírica dos seres, palavras e coisas pela relação entre máthêsis, taxinomia e teoria do signo, Foucault relativiza também certa percepção (...) da fenomenologia (husserliana) segundo a qual o racionalismo seria o solo fundante da Modernidade. Palavras-chave: Máthêsis. Taxinomia. Arqueologia. Fenomenologia. Michel Foucault. Descartes. (shrink)

This volume advances a better, more historical and contextual, manner to consider not only the present, but also the future of ‘crisis’ and ‘renewal’ as key concepts of our political language as well as fundamental categories of interpretation.

Comenzamos con una cuestión general: ¿puede el arte moderno ser entendido como una vía de salvación como lo señala Schopenhauer?Con el apoyo de varios textos, como los de Arthur C. Danto, Después del fin del arte: El arte contemporáneo y el linde de la historia, se contrastará lo que se considera como arte moderno contextualizándolo a la idea de Arthur Schopenhauer expresada en su libro El mundo como voluntad y representación. Arthur Danto explica y ejemplifica los conceptos moderno, contemporáneo y (...) posmoderno, que se vuelven bastante importantes pues son el apoyo para lograr contrastar el texto de Schopenhauer y saber si el arte moderno puede ser vía de salvación. (shrink)

El presente artículo se propone indagar el estatuto del miedo y sus declinaciones políticas en los pensamientos de Thomas Hobbes y Baruch Spinoza para interpretar su impacto en la democracia como un problema teórico político. Cuando se comparan a Hobbes y Spinoza, las interpretaciones predominantes, incluso aquellas que identifican algunas coincidencias respecto de los sentidos y efectos políticos de miedo, tienden a poner en primer plano las diferencias entre ambos. Sin embargo, la problematización de esta emoción es un punto de (...) partida para aproximarse a las teorías políticas de Hobbes y de Spinoza desde una óptica distinta. Con ese propósito, en una primera instancia, se repondrá, de manera sintética, la doctrina de los afectos de cada uno de los autores mencionados. Luego, se procederá a realizar una comparación entre dichas doctrinas, destacando un afecto en particular, el miedo. Finalmente, y es en esta sección donde se planteará el argumento central del artículo, se explotarán los corolarios de las conceptualizaciones del miedo de Hobbes y de Spinoza en relación con la política contemporánea. (shrink)

This article, originally a preface to the French edition of Carl Schmitt’s book The Leviathan in the State theory of Thomas Hobbes, displays a critical analysis that not only puts the above work in context, but also raises a question about Schmitt’s appropriation of Hobbes, an author who was considered a beacon of light by the former during his whole lifetime. Thus, the article undertakes a reconstitution of Schmitt´s relevance for Political Theory and Philosophy in recent years, and then develops (...) the way Hobbes was analysed in Schmitt´s essay. The interpretation of the Jurist is not innocent at all, and the propinquity to the English author in some issues could have allowed the former to reinforce his own arguments by using the latter as a mere strategic tool. The key question the article tries to elucidate is whether this re-appropriation was successful or not. (shrink)

Pretende-se oferecer aqui uma justificativa, tal como ela parece ter sido indicada por Platão no Teeteto, para o método de Sócrates, anunciado em Apologia como uma anthropíne sophía, capaz de avaliar os diferentes tipos de conhecimento. O recurso à imagem da maiêutica, no Teeteto, traz a representação de um aspecto desse método, posterior à refutação, em que o examinador ou parteiro elevam as opiniões do interlocutor até um princípio transcendente, para mostrar-lhes ou sua vacuidade ou sua solidez. Por fim, o (...) Diálogo de Platão parece não apenas representar o método de Sócrates, mas se inspirar nele para a composição do seu discurso, que joga com a forma de fazer ver e com aquilo que se vê a partir dele. (shrink)

In this article, we scrutinize views that justify exclusionary policies regarding transgender athletes based primarily on physiological criteria. We introduce and examine some elements that deserve...

Recent studies have pointed to the existence of a strong relationship between memory and mental representation, while others have shown that images are open to reinterpretation and manipulation; this volume offers a historical overview of the problem as well as a review of the research in psychology and related fields.

El propósito central enfatiza la comprensión histórico-cultural de la diversidad y la diferencia como productoras de escenarios donde la tolerancia debe redimir la exclusión y fomentar la equidad; explica, reflexiva y críticamente, algunas ideas que subrayan la urgen te necesidad de replantear los d..

In 1939, the influential psychophysicist S. S. Stevens proposed definitional distinctions between the terms ‘number,’ ‘numerosity,’ and ‘numerousness.’ Although the definitions he proposed were adopted by syeveral psychophysicists and experimental psychologists in the 1940s and 1950s, they were almost forgotten in the subsequent decades, making room for what has been described as a “terminological chaos” in the field of numerical cognition. In this paper, I review Stevens’s distinctions to help bring order to this alleged chaos and to shed light on (...) two closely related questions: whether it is adequate to speak of a number sense and how philosophers can make sense of the claim by cognitive scientists that numbers are perceptual entities. Moreover, I offer further support to Stevens’s distinction between numerosity and numerousness by showing that they are relational properties that emerge through different relationships between agents and their environments. The final conclusion is that, by adopting Stevens’s distinctions, numbers do not need to be seen as perceptual entities, since the so-called number sense is better described as a sense of numerousness. (shrink)

This paper argues that racism should not only be conceived as a moral concept whose main aim is to condemn severe wrongs in the domain of race. The paper advances a complementary interpretation of racism as an explanatory concept--one that plays a key role in explaining race-based social problems afflicting members of subordinate racialized groups. As an explanatory concept, the term 'racism' is used to diagnose and highlight the causes of race-related social problems. The project of diagnosing race-based social problems (...) contributes to the pragmatic anti-racist end of developing better political and policy strategies for solving these social problems. The paper defends this interpretation of racism as an explanatory concept through a critical engagement with Urquidez's moral-philosophical account of racism. (shrink)

Los convulsos acontecimientos de estos últimos años han demostrado, a escala global, cuán enajenante es nuestra experiencia presente del tiempo. Las tendencias actuales de la teoría crítica y otros enfoques histórico-sociológicos insisten en el ritmo devorador de la aceleración (P. Virilio; H. Rosa) y en la reconfiguración temporal a partir del “presentismo” (Koselleck; F. Hartog). Sin embargo, sabemos que estas cuestiones distan de ser absolutamente nuevas, y que ya preocupaban a los filósofos y a los fenomenólogos en la primera mitad (...) del siglo XX. La publicación reciente de los últimos tratados del Ereignis y de los Cuadernos negros, redactados en los años 1930 y 1940, nos permite acceder a una reflexión original sobre lo que Heidegger nombra la maquinación o fabricación [Machenschaft]. Nos gustaría analizar la manera en la que, a partir de la fabricación, se puede replantear el sentido de nuestra experiencia temporal íntima frente a la situación moderna. Más concretamente, ahondaremos en las formas en las que la primacía de la fabricación funciona como cerrazón de posibilidades, llegando a impedir que pueda ocurrir algo realmente “histórico”. (shrink)

Much media attention has been given to the potentially shifting voting patterns of the U.S. Hispanic population in the 2020 election. However, far less attention has been given to the implications...

Portuguese introduction to volume 2, issue 2.

The fallibility of deduction is the thesis that a thoughtful speaker-reasoner can wrongly believe that an inference is deductively valid. The author presents an argument to the effect that the fallibility of deduction is incompatible with the widespread view that deduction is epistemically unfruitful (the conclusion is contained in the premises, and the transition from premises to conclusion never extends knowledge). If the fallibility of deduction is a fact, the argument presented is a refutation of the doctrine of the unfruitfulness (...) of deduction. But its relevance goes further, because the argument reveals a connection between two different problems: a solution to the problem of fruitfulness (how can deductive inferences increase our knowledge?) is a starting point for a solution to the problem of fallibility (how can deductive inferences be wrong?). To solve the problem of fruitfulness, Michael Dummett proposed some general ideas concerning meaning and inference. Starting from these meaning-theoretical ideas, one can develop an explanation of the fallibility of deduction. The general explanatory strategy does not depend on the choice between a theory of meaning centered on truth, verification, inferential role, or on other key notions. (shrink)